Membrane Anaerobic System (MAS) for Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) Treatment

The direct discharge of palm oil mill effluent (POME) wastewater causes serious environmental pollution due to its high chemical oxygen demand (COD) and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD). Traditional ways for POME treatment have both economic and environmental disadvantages. In this study, membrane anaerobic system (MAS) was used as an alternative, cost effective method for treating POME. Six steady states were attained as a part of a kinetic study that considered concentration ranges of 8,220 to 15,400 mg/l for mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS) and 6, 329 to 13,244 mg/l for mixed liquor volatile suspended solids (MLVSS). Kinetic equations from Monod, Contois and Chen & Hashimoto were employed to describe the kinetics of POME treatment at organic loading rates ranging from 2 to 13 kg COD/m3/d. throughout the experiment, the removal efficiency of COD was from 94.8 to 96.5% with hydraulic retention time, HRT from 400.6 to 5.7 days. The growth yield coefficient, Y was found to be 0.62gVSS/g COD the specific microorganism decay rate was 0.21 d-1 and the methane gas yield production rate was between 0.25 l/g COD/d and 0.58 l/g COD/d. Steady state influent COD concentrations increased from 18,302 mg/l in the first steady state to 43,500 mg/l in the sixth steady state. The minimum solids retention time, which was obtained from the three kinetic models ranged from 5 to 12.3 days. The k values were in the range of and values were between 0.26 and 0.379 d-1. The solids retention time (SRT) decreased from 800 days to 11.6 days. The complete treatment reduced the COD content to 2279 mg/l equivalent to a reduction of 94.8% reduction from the original

Close-Out Project at Worcester Trial Courthouse

This project reviews and evaluates Gilbane Building Company\u27s close-out procedures for the Worcester Trial Courthouse. The methods and processes used by Gilbane to conduct close-out were examined. These methods include: Close-out matrices, Rolling Completion List, and Prolog. The project goals were accomplished in collaboration with accountants, engineers, and superintendents. As a result, improvements have been proposed to the Gilbane close-out system. Additionally, an alternative foundation method was designed and evaluated in terms of feasibility. This method is concrete mat foundation

Pengembangan Multimedia Interaktfif Materi Pertumbuhan Ilmu Pengetahuan Pada Masa Umayyah Kelas VIII SMP Negeri 50 Surabaya

AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan pengembangan multimedia interaktif materi pertumbuhan ilmu pengetahuan pada masa umayyah kelas VIII di SMP Negeri 50 Surabaya. Model pengembangan yang digunakan untuk mengembangkan multimedia interaktif ini adalah model pengembangan ADDIE yang terdiri dari 5 langkah seperti Analisis, Desain, Pengembangan, Implementasi, dan Evaluasi. Dalam pengumpulan data sendiri menggunakan instrumen berupa angket tertutup dengan menggunakan skala Likert agar mempermudah validator dalam memberikan penilaian. Angket tersebut ditujukan kepada ahli media dan ahli materi untuk mendapatkan kelayakan materi dan media yang disajikan. Hasil dari validasi materi sendiri mendapatkan hasil 91% sementara untuk validasi media mendapatkan hasil 94,6% dimana hasil tersebut menunjukkan bahwa multimedia interaktif sangat layak digunakan untuk membantu proses pembelajaran di SMP Negeri 50 Surabaya khususnya pada mata pelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam materi Pertumbuhan Ilmu Pengetahuan pada Masa Umayyah.Kata Kunci : Pengembangan, Multimedia Interaktif, UmayyahAbstractThis study aims to develop interactive multimedia material for the growth of science during the Umayyad VIII grade at SMP Negeri 50 Surabaya. The development model used to develop this interactive multimedia is the ADDIE development model which consists of 5 steps such as Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation. In collecting the data itself, using an instrument in the form of a closed questionnaire using a Likert scale to make it easier for the validator to provide an assessment. The questionnaire was addressed to media experts and material experts to obtain the feasibility of the material and media presented. The results of the validation of the material itself get 91% results while for media validation it gets 94.6% results where these results indicate that interactive multimedia is very suitable to be used to help the learning process at SMP Negeri 50 Surabaya, especially in the subject of Islamic Religious Education. Umayyad period.Keywords : Development, Interactive Multimedia, Umayya

Strategi Pengembangan USAha Gula Aren di Desa Rambah Tengah Barat Kecamatan Rambah Kabupaten Rokan Hulu

S : Business owners of palm sugar in Rambah Tengah Barat Villagehas a limited to develop their businesses due to resources organization problems,production and marketing. On the other hand, the palm sugar has high economisvalues and able potentially increase their income. The purpose of this reseach is toanalyse the alternatives strategy in developing palm sugar production based onSWOT analysis. The population are all palm sugar business owners in the RambahTengah Barat Village amounted of 30 people and samples are taken five businessowners. Data is collected trough documentation study, questionnaires and interviewtechnique. Data is then, analyzed by descriptive qualitative based on SWOT analysis.This result of the research is seven alternatives of business development strategies thathave been prioritized. The seven alternative strategies are: (1) its partnership ties withbusiness development agencies; 1) its partnership ties with business developmentagencies; (2) the establishment of business partnerships with other parties; (3)providing integrated marketing center for the area of industrial products; (4)development of microfinance institutions; (5) establishment of agro-industryinformation service center; (6) availability relevant instructors; (7) productdiversification

Pengaruh Latihan Zumba Terhadap Arus Puncak Ekspirasi Pada Wanita Usia Muda

Background: Zumba recently is one of the most popular physical exercise particularly among females. Zumba is a combination of music, step aerobics, and variety of dance movements from Latin America. The exercise is fun and relatively low cost, Zumba can also increase the strength of respiratory muscles so as to improve lung function and capacityAim: To observe the effect of Zumba routine exercise on peak expiratory flow rate in young femaleMethod: The study was an observational analytic using cross sectional approach. Subjects were participants of Zumba routine exercise cathegorized to <8 weeks and ≥8 weeks exercise periods. PEFR was measured by mini-Wright peak flowmeter. Correlation between the period of Zumba exercise and PEFR was analyzed using Spearman's test.Result: From the 24 subjects, the mean of PEFR in participants who were conducted Zumba exercise for <8 weeks was 345.42 ± 30.19 L/min with the lowest score was 300 L/min and the highest was 400 L/min. The PEFR mean of subjects who experienced Zumba exercise for ≥8 weeks was 437.92 ± 19.59 L/min with the lowest was 400 L/min and the highest 465 L/min. The Spearman's test showed a very strong degree of positive correlation between period of Zumba exercise with PEFR (r=0,86; p=0,000)Conclusion: The study found the differences between the mean of PEFR in subjects who did Zumba regular exercise for <8 weeks and ≥8 weeks. This study also showed very strong positive correlation between period of Zumba exercise with PEF

Pengaruh Sistem Perpajakan, Diskriminasi, Kepatuhan dan Pengetahuan Perpajakan terhadap Persepsi Wajib Pajak Mengenai Etika Penggelapan Pajak (Studi Empiris pada Wajib Pajak Orang Pribadi di Wilayah Kota Pekanbaru)

This study examines to the influence of tax system, discrimination, obedience, and tax knowledge against the taxpayer perceptions about the ethical of tax evasion. The population was the taxpayer in Pekanbaru and the sample in this study used slovin formula, so that it obtained 100 respondents as samples. The sample in this study is determined by sampling purposive method, the data collected with the distribution of questionnaires. The method of analysis used is multiple linear regression. Based on the results of the analysis indicate that the tax system impact on taxpayer perceptions about the ethical of tax evasion, obedience has impact on taxpayer perceptions about ethical of tax evasion, tax knowledge impact on taxpayer perceptions about the ethical of tax evasion and the discrimination no impact on taxpayer perceptions about the ethical of tax evasion. The most dominant variable influencing taxpayer perceptions about the ethical of tax evasion is tax system because it has a beta value of 0.397 standard coefficient

Kenaf Fiber Composite in Automotive Industry: An Overview

Recently, natural fibers become an attractive to automotive industry as an alternative reinforcement for glass fiber reinforced thermoplastics. Additionally, natural fiber components in the automotive industry can provide numerous advantages compared to synthetic conventional such as reduction of weight and cost,  recyclability, renewability and in addition to eco-efficiency. Thus, the use of natural fibers in automotive industry has shown increasingly stringent environmental criteria. Furthermore, amongst grouped bast fibers such as flax, hemp, jute, ramie and kenaf; kenaf fiber seen as potential natural fiber with robust mechanical properties. Kenaf fiber had been explored to enhance desired mechanical properties as an automotive structural components. As usual, natural fibres have some issues and disadvantages when used as reinforcements for polymeric composites. Therefore, some modification performed on fibers such as chemical treatment was carried out. In addition, the use of a coupling agent and a plasticizer can also increase fiber-matrix adhesive bonding